Philippine History Essay

I admire what Jose Rizal did in helping and gaining the liberty and freedom of our country. What he did was heroic because he fought for freedom in a silent but powerful way. He did not form and train soldiers and use swords and guns in fighting for democracy. He did the very effective tactic in inspiring and educating his fellow Filipino. His writings were very powerful that had opened the eyes of millions of Filipinos in that time. It serves as their encouragement during their very disappointing situation. Jose Rizal awakened the Filipino’s hopes and dreams to have freedom and peace for every while living under the abusive and corrupt Spaniards. He expressed his love to the people through his inspiring novels, essays, articles and poems rather than a force of aggression. Rizal’s great love and sensitivity to the needs of the people especially to the misfortune ones was overwhelming as evidence by his sincere services to the people as doctor, engineer, teacher, artist, farmer, and the like. His impressive intelligence made a great impact to all and that’s what makes him the Philippine Hero.This is just some of Rizal’s traits that prove his heroic deeds to our country. His honoring deeds has to be followed and live by everybody. His example is exceptional and worthy to be called a Hero. I am convince that such act may seem unattainable but it starts with doing the right thing in some little ways may a big difference and impact to the society. Being a teacher was one of Rizal’s profession and if all teachers would have the same passion as of Rizal, surely a small town, city and country would also produce great students and/or citizens of our country. The Philippine revolution led by Andres Bonifacio was fueled by the writings of Jose Rizal, the Noli Me Tangere and El Filibusterismo, which made a more lasting impression. This is one of the best arguments of those who believe that Rizal is rightfully the national hero. Rizal was truly an inspiration to many Filipinos during the Spanish period. According to the historian Rafael Palma, Rizal was more deserving of the national hero title. Rizal was even thought to have suggested that Antonio Luna lead the revolutionary  forces since Luna has studied military science which was a brilliant idea to lessen casualties against the powerhouse Spanish militia. Rizal believed that only an army that was well prepared and had enough arms would ensure victory .

Philips and Its Worldwide Share of Dry Shaving

Q2: How can Philips increase the worldwide share of dry shaving? Focus on China The relative size of the Chinese market in relation to other developed markets is striking. With a penetration of only 11 % in the male shaving market, the opportunities are great since this market is treble to the second largest market, the US. Product innovation Philips is known for their technologically sophisticated products. On order to gain market shares and increase the total market for dry shaving, the products must continue to improve through technological development. The customer must feel that performance/cost outperforms that of wet shaving in a higher degree than it is today. Targeting teens In some countries, law regulates the sale of razors to people under the age of 18. Perhaps there is a possibility to innovate in electronic shavers for the youth market. For example, Ergonomic handles and innovative attachments could give them the edge on helping the user to shape and style their facial hair into the most up-to-date beard fashion or providing better reach for girls shaving their legs, armpits or bikini-area. Targeting the female market 80 % of women prefer razors to other hair removing products. 46 percent of females are still estimated to use male razors in the common belief that they are more effective than female-dedicated razors. This could be an important segment for Philips to target with their lady shavers. When women eventually will switch to female products for shaving, there should be greater incentives to switch to dry shaving systems.

The role and value of play Essay

All children and young people need to play. Children’s play is behavior which is freely chosen, self-motivated and personally directed, and the impulse to play is in all of us. Through play the child explores the world and its creative potential, discovering all the while, a flexible range of responses to the challenges, she or he encounters. By playing, the child learns and develops as an individual and as a member of the community – be it at home, the street and area they live in, their school or a holiday play scheme. As such, play is a right, recognised in the United Nations Convention on the Rights of the Child – Article 31. Play is essential for children’s physical, emotional and psychological growth, as well as their intellectual, creative and educational development. When children play they build up a sense of identity, self-respect, confidence and their own self-worth. Through playing with others, children build a resource of behavioural techniques to help them navigate complex social worlds including younger children not to feel intimidated by older children. The contemporary environment in which many children grow up is not designed with them in mind, and at times and in some areas provides limited opportunities for safe and creative play. Increasing traffic due to continuous property development, parental fears of strangers and lack of open spaces all restrict children’s play outdoors, but by providing and protecting play-rich environments for children we can counteract these limitations. Much has been written on the subject of play and there is visibility in legislation and guidance for professionals: – Stuart Brown, founder of the National Institute for Play, has said that â€Å"play is anything that spontaneously is done for its own sake†¦appears purposeless, produces pleasure and joy, leads one to the next stage of mastery† (as cited in Tippett, July 2008; italics added). – Edward Miller and Joan Almon describe play as â€Å"activities that are freely chosen and directed by children and arise from intrinsic motivation† (2009, p15). – Jeannine Ouellette refers to play as â€Å"activity that is unencumbered by adult direction, and does not depend on manufactured items or rules imposed by someone other than the kids themselves† (Ouellette, 2007, para13). – â€Å"The main characteristic of play – child or adult – is not its content, but its mode. Play is an approach to  action, not a form of activity.† Jerome Bruner, quoted in Moyles (1989) – â€Å"From an early age, play is important to a child’s development and learning. It isn’t just physical. It can involve cognitive, imaginative, creative, emotional and social aspects. It is the main way most children express their impulse to explore, experiment and understand. Children of all ages play.† (Dobson, 2004, p8) In June 2010 the coalition government set up a Childhood and families taskforce, Nick Clegg, Deputy prime minister said in his opening speech, â€Å"For too many British children, childhood has become a time of stress, anxiety and insecurity, when it should be a time of discovery, learning and adventure. My purpose in politics – and the job of this coalition government – is to change that, to live up to our responsibility and lay the foundations for better lives for our children.† At the launch of the revised EYFS, published March 2012, following the Tickell review, we were once again reminded that â€Å"play is essential for children’s development.† When children play, they are actively engaged in activities they have freely chosen; that is, they are self-directed and motivated from within. â€Å"Best Play† starts with a definition of play and with a set of values and principles. Both the definition and the values and principles are well recognised within the play work profession, (though they can be expressed in slightly different ways, for instance they can be found in the National Occupational Standards for National Vocational Qualifications in Play work and in the New Charter for Children’s Play (Children’s Play Council 1998), though perhaps less so outside it. It then looks at evidence and arguments about the role of play in child development and the consequences of a lack of good play opportunities. â€Å"Play is freely chosen, personally directed, intrinsically motivated behavior that actively engages the child†. This definition draws closely on the work of Bob Hughes and Frank King. Children choosing what they want to do, why and how they want to do it then when to stop and try something else is the simplistic breakdown of the definition. Free play has no external goals set by adults and has no adult  imposed curriculum. Although adults usually provide the space and resources for free play and might be involved, the child takes the lead and the adults respond to cues from the child. When children can pursue play under their own impulse and initiative, they are able to: Practice decision-making skills Discover their own interests Engage fully in what they want to pursue Develop creative problem solving skills Practice skills in resolving conflicts Develop self-regulation Develop trust, empathy, and social skills Develop language and communication skills Use their creativity and imagination Develop skills for critical thinking and leadership Analyse and reflect on their experiences Reduce stress in their everyday lives However, there is a growing consensus about some of the possible implications of play deprivation, based on reasonable assumptions about the role of personal experience and self-directed activity in the development of a range of competences. Depending on the types of play opportunity that are lacking, children could be affected in the following ways: Poorer ability in motor tasks Lower levels of physical activity Poorer ability to deal with stressful or traumatic situations and events Poorer ability to assess and manage risk Poorer social skills, leading to difficulties in negotiating social situations such as dealing with conflict and cultural difference Every child is different and will play in their way. As an adult and the manager of the After School Club (ASC) I need to recognise the impact that myself and co workers have on a child’s play opportunities. Throughout the session I take time to observe, consult, plan, and participate in play knowing the great potential for learning that play offers – developing skills and abilities, providing opportunities to co-operate, developing  friendships, taking turns, resolving conflicts and solving problems, and developing knowledge and understanding of the world. While children will sometimes need support, it should be recognised that they will often benefit from opportunities to play without adult supervision. Therefore we, the play workers, must understand the impact we have, giving consideration to the differences of each child including behaviors. Bob Hughes (2006), a playworker and play theorist, has identified sixteen play types, including creative, dramatic, explorat ory, fantasy, locomotor, mastery, object , role, rough and tumble, social, socio-dramatic, symbolic, deep (extremely risky) and recapitulative (ritual) play. Their very description indicates a relevance to the social, physical, intellectual, creative and emotional development. Snapshots of play at ASC: Eddie and Eleanor are playing a new game – Mancala. Eleanor was pleased to discover the game in the cupboard and is teaching Eddie as she has the game at home, she told Eddie how she loves playing it with her Dad. Eleanor explains the rules and object of the game, they play repeatedly, both enjoying the competitiveness. George, Robert and Calum have built a play scene on the wooden piano using the play animals, a piece of camouflage material and wooden tree pieces. They have built dens for their animals at different levels and then use blocks and vehicles they have made from lego to destroy the animal’s dens. The tigers dens is last to be destroyed says Calum â€Å"they are the fiercest animals and will fight you really hard to protect their home† â€Å"Foxes are fierce, said Robert, they ate my rabbit.† Libby, Evie and Katie asked to share a dance they had learnt at school today. Mrs. Colucci found the CD player for them to use. They had fun performing their routine to an audience and added props and different costumes to wear as they repeated their performances. They add a new piece to the end and are going to show that to their teacher tomorrow. Dylan and Alfie are playing with the cars, lining them up to move around the mat to get to the garage. Toby, Sam and Ben are building a ramp over the garage for the cars to be able to loop the loop and fly through the air! In summary – Play can be fun, challenging and enjoyable for both adults and children. By helping children to take part in different types of play on  their own and with others, and by providing a well-resourced play environment inside and outside, adults can greatly enrich the learning opportunities that play provides. â€Å"Play is the answer to how anything new comes about.† Jean Piaget REFERENCES FOR RESEARCH PURPOSES EVERY CHILD MATTERS, THE 5 OUTCOMES AND THE UNCRC NATIONAL OCCUPATIONAL STANDARDS FOR PLAYWORK PLAY ENGLAND – MAKING IT HAPPEN, IMPLEMENTING THE CHARTER FOR CHILDRENS PLAY PLAY ENGLAND – PLAY, NATURALLY – A REVIEW OF CHILDRENS NATURAL PLAY PLAYWORK PRINCIPLES. SKILLS ACTIVE PLAYWORK SECTOR / EYFS BRIEFING DOCUMENT Play, naturally A review of children’s natural play Stuart Lester and Martin Whilst researching material for writing this essay I enjoyed reading the following publication. Their suggested reading list is one I will work my way through to continue to extend my knowledge on this subject. A guide to child-led play and its importance for thinking and learning Playing to learn A publication commissioned by ATL from Di Chilvers Recommended reading list from the publication Broadhead, P. (2004). Early Years Play and Learning – Developing Social Skills and Cooperation. RoutledgeFalmer. Broadhead, P. (ed.) (2010). Play and Learning in the Early Years. Sage. Bruce, T. (1987). Early Childhood Education. Hodder and Stoughton. Bruce, T. (1991). Time to Play in Early Childhood Education. Hodder and Stoughton. Bruce, T. (2001). Learning Through Play: Babies, Toddlers and the Foundation Years. Hodder and Stoughton. Bruce, T. (ed.) (2006). Early Childhood – A Guide for Students. Sage. Lindon, J. (2001). Understanding Children’s Play. Nelson Thornes. Manning, K. & Sharp. A. (1977). Structuring Play in the Early Years at School. Ward Lock Educational. Moyles, J. (1989). Just Playing? The Role and Status of Play in Early Childhood Education. Open University Press. Moyles, J. (ed.) 1994. The Excellence of Play. Open University Press. Project Zero. (2001). Making Learning Visible – Children as Individual and Group Learners. Reggio Children. Siraj-Blatchford, I. et al. (2002). Researching Effective Pedagogy in the Early Years. Department for Education and Skills and the Institute of Education. Research Report 356.

Fracking and water pollution Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Fracking and water pollution - Research Paper Example fracking fluid, comprising of common toxins and carcinogens such as uranium, lead, mercury, methanol, formaldehyde, hydrochloric acid, ethane glycol etc (Spellman, 2013). Waste water resulting from fracking usually has a lot of potentially poisonous chemicals from the fracking fluid and natural contaminants from very deep in the ground, comprising of totally dissolved solids (such as barium, salts and strontium)radioactive materials like Radium 226 as well as organic pollutants like toluene and benzene. About thirty to seventy percent of all the fluid utilised in fracking is likely to resurface, and thus requires treatment. In addition, fracking discharges â€Å"produced water† mainly from underground which also ascends onto the surface, and mostly can be somewhere from two to two hundred times as much water, something dependent on the water/gas/oil absorption in the shale configuration. It has been proved therefore beyond any reasonable doubt that waste water arising due to fracking has a lot of possibly dangerous chemicals that were used in the fracking liquid, in addition to deep underground natural contaminants (Spellman, 2013). For these contaminants and chemicals to be removed, all techniques of wastewater management (comprising of reuse, recycling as well as injecting into dumping wells) normally entail some kind of treatment. Eventually, wastewater can be pumped to treatment works that are publicly owned or rather to dedicated industrial or brine wastewater plants, also known as centralized waste treatment plants, which might also add precipitation and coagulation methods in removing of dissolved solids. All treatment techniques produce residuals-which basically are waste materials, mainly in sludge, liquid or solid form, that mostly stay after treatment. Because of public concerns regarding the huge volumes of water used in hydraulic drilling, gas and oil fracturing corporations have begun not only reusing but also recycling the wastewater (Spellman,

Introduction to UK Supermarket Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words - 1

Introduction to UK Supermarket - Term Paper Example Li (2008) and Vasquez-Nicholson (2011) emphasized that Morrison PLC is a dominant brand in the UK supermarket industry as it derives its competitive edge by doing STEEPLE analysis frequently. It has successfully achieved its target market size by exploiting all strengths and availing opportunities present in its external environment. Every market is significantly impacted by both micro and macro environmental factors, but macro environmental factors have more influence on operational activities of a business (Jarett, 2012). Each factor of STEEPLE analysis with its relation to the UK supermarket industry is discussed below: The current trends of consumers in the UK market depict that they are moving from one stop shopping to a bulk buying mode as there are various social changes happening in the country. Supermarkets have availability of various non-food items which are usually on sale in the market. There have been demographic changes because there is an increase in old people, the number of female workers is increasing, and there is a significant reduction in homemade meals (Davis and Relly, 2009). There is more emphasis on the private label share of every business mix, efficiency in supply chain, and improvements in operational activities so that the overall cost of business is reduced. Most of the retail giants in the UK are now shifting to local suppliers for their purchases and stock requirements (Vasquez-Nicholson, 2011; Waterman, 2007). In addition, consumers’ demand for products and services has changed because of their social conditioning along with their beliefs and attitudes (Lyan, 2007). Technological developments have enhanced the service level of supermarkets in the UK as they have benefitted both consumers and companies.

Political Concept of Property Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Political Concept of Property - Essay Example This essay outlines the importance of the legal concept of the ownership of a property in a society. That concept is a critical element that defines the difference between communism and capitalism – the two polar political ideologies. The ownership of a property involves the rights and obligations of the owner who claims possession of the property. Property is a possession essentially belonging to an individual or a government. The ownership of property is a major element that defines its legal, social, and economic aspects which itself is underlined by political regimes and policymaking in the field. Political frameworks and legislations exist to protect the rights of individuals. Therefore, property has a political aspect because it involves ownership, transfer of rights, and other variations in rights in which governmental authorities, legislations, and institutions play a vital role. Income and taxation are economic concepts associated with a property. Property in the form of real estate or livestock could earn income for a person. At the same time the income could be liable for taxation. But because property essentially involves a ‘proprietary’ component, it occupies a central place in the politics of rights and governance. It indicates that property is characterized by possession which is fluid in nature. Rights related to ownership and transfer of land remain sensitive issues that are guided by government laws. Another fundamental aspect of property ownership is the political ideology.

Differences between Mac and PC with Windows Essay

Differences between Mac and PC with Windows - Essay Example Because of their differences, people have had to make the right choice for the one to acquire. However, if granted an opportunity, I would opt for Mac. I prefer Mac to PC because it has features that distinguish it from the PC and appeal to me most. The first reason why I prefer Mac is because it is only manufactured by one company called Apple Incorporations. As a matter of fact, Apple is a well-established company that manufactures high-quality products. Apart from employing highly trained experienced professionals, it makes the right decisions based on rigorous researches. This makes its products more durable and valuable. Although they have higher initial costs, Macs are cheaper in the long run since they are made to last. In case of any breakdown, the company can be reached to offer the required repairs. However, this does not apply to PC windows whose software and hardware are manufactured by different companies. Even if they are cheaper to buy, PCs are prone to damages, incompatibilities and leggings. Worse still, in case of damages, no single company can accept to take responsibility, but instead, engage in a blame game. The other reason why can opt to buy Mac instead of Window PC is that it is much safer. Unlike Window PC, Mac is less popular with many people. This is mainly due to the fact that it is only manufactured by one Apple Inc. Besides, its security has been enhanced by the development of features such as MountainLion which has been exclusively developed to help in making it safe. This differs from Window PCs that have become vulnerable to dangers from viruses, malware, spyware and hackings from other people.  

Final letter Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Final letter - Essay Example Apart from this , I am more alert when you ae explaining complex terms regarding the particular subject. When I look at the quality of the lecture, it can be said that it is average as the instructor is not well versed with teaching skills.. The instructor lacks the quality of empathy, where in they bond with the students and understand their strength and weaknesses. My instructor is not able to communicate from the stand point of my level. However , the quality of compassion to students is visible in the instructor. Also the instructor is intelligent and explains subject deeply and vividly for us to understand. The instructor is also having a positive mental attitude which is very important for an instructor. The instructor is always keeping a smile on the face which is really appreciative and approachable. Regarding the quality of lecture notes, it could be said that it is perfectly alright As lecture notes are supplementary working guide, they showcases order and perfection in language and subject importance . It is always noticed by me that , the lecture notes are arranged in a clean way and the print is bright enough for students to comprehend easily. The lecture note provided by the instructor is a new dimension of looking at the subject and helps me in understanding certain concepts more deeply. The lecture notes are consistently provided by the teacher which enables me to update my information on a flawless manner. The notes always have information which is exactly needed. However at times, I find that the information provided is too much for a student to contemplate. The teaching quality of the instructor and lecture notes are the main issue in teaching but apart from this, the feedback also plays an important role in class. It is mandatory for all the instructors to analyze and assess the education quality offered by them to the students. A feedback is taken by my instructor once in a month and

MHE512 - Disaster Relief Module 4 - SLP Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

MHE512 - Disaster Relief Module 4 - SLP - Essay Example nt has made it possible to predict accurately the oncoming of such disaster, as we cannot prevent the damage caused by such tragedies in terms of human losses and property damages. Nevertheless, several disaster relief plans have been formulated to tackle the after-affects of these natural calamities. This paper will give a short introductory detail on various aspects of Disaster Relief Plans (DRP), with emphasis on the training and management of human resources to make the relief plans most effective, strength and weakness of a DRP and its concerns with the funding of different projects. This enables the volunteer or the relief worker to use chain saw and other equipment efficiently and safely. While this type of training will discuss the brush pulling and cutting techniques, it can also provide information on the maintenance of such equipment. This will include training on rebuilding, which enables the worker to close holes in houses or roofs, after the removal of any fallen trees etc.. Similarly, training on fueling, and load handling operations of forklift equipment is also very useful. This would impart training on the use of radio equipment and setting of antennas and other vital gadgets in the disaster area. While this is required for every field worker, amateur radio licensees can pick up the relevant tricks more easily. This type of training is to enable the relief staff for analyzing the disaster data correctly so that a proper assessment of damage can be undertaken and decisions reached based on such information. While these will affect the recovery plan, they will also assist in the knowledge of impact from disaster and weather conditions, on the local community.....(DR training facts) There is saying which goes like†you cannot dig a well after the fire has engulfed your place†. The gist of the story is that disaster preparedness is an exercise that should be undertaken during the times of peace when there is no threat to the atmosphere, where

Basic Economics Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2750 words

Basic Economics - Essay Example The next step of the decision making model is to explore alternative options or solutions. Decision makers always face some challenges at the time of taking decisions. Decision makers are required to have some alternatives, which influences their decisions. The forth step of the decision making model is to make prediction for the future consequences. Prediction is important for decision makers to be prepared for the future. The fifth step is to prepare and make a selection of all the outcomes of the model and last and very important is to execute a sensitivity analysis for ensuring that decisions are made on the basis of analysis. For instance, absence of any step in the procedure of decision making will be accountable for inappropriate analysis of a situation, which will be accountable for making unsuitable decision by managers leading to losses in businesses (Samuelson and Marks 7-14). Marginal analysis is an important factor in managerial economics for the managerial decision making. There are several advantages of marginal analysis in the business as well as individual life. Marginal analysis helps to maintain the balances among the desire of individual needs and business needs. A firm is benefited from marginal analysis in the procedure of decision making, so that business operations can be conducted systematically. Additionally, marginal analysis aids policy makers of firms for managing the resources in a proper manner (Samuelson and Marks 29-75). The marginal cost is the additional cost, which occurs at the time of production. Marginal cost includes the extra cost of labour and materials cost. On the other hand, marginal revenue is the additional profits earn by a firm at the time of surplus sale of products. Marginal revenue aids a company in performing business operations in a better competitive nature. Marginal analysis is mainly calculated at the time of additional turnover. In this

The Story of My Love Essay Example for Free

The Story of My Love Essay Love is a crazy, strange, yet enticing game. Many think that they will never fall into its captivating lure; I am one of these people. If someone had told me back in April, when Aingeal and I were officially introduced that he would later become my Fiancà ©e, I would have laughed at the mere thought. It’s quite funny how life works. We have had our share of problems but I never would have thought I would lose him so soon. Shortly before finishing the last of my college classes, the only thing keeping me from being a free woman was my Externship and graduation. It was happily a time once in my life where things finally seemed to go the way I planned. My very close circle of friends consisted of four people, my childhood friend Jen, my unofficial sister Tracy (who stayed at my house during senior year), and Aingeal who was a dear friend of Jen who also happened to be Tracy’s good friend. Every Thursday, from that first day back in April, when Aingeal and I were first introduced, till the end of the year, the four of us (Jen, Tracy, Aingeal, and I) would meet at Old Country Buffet after classes to sit and talk about all aspects of our lives. We became so close that the four of us could not part. We adopted the funny name â€Å"The Pretty Eyes Club† simply because we all had pretty eyes; it was fun how we acted so exclusive. We also had a special place that even in the cold dark of winter we would could run to just to relax in this beautiful gazebo overlooking the town. I managed to obtain a job for him with me later in the year. Working together and having the same classes allowed the perfect opportunity for a very close and intimate friendship. As life continued on, Aingeal and I became much closer. Eternship and graduation were rapidly approaching and up until this point, I never looked at Aingeal as anything much more than just a friend. We were invited to a party for Graduation. He and I arrived at the party with different friends, however that night changed things completely. After the party, both of our dates scampered home. There was an after-hours party being thrown that we really wanted to go to. The girl throwing the party was Sally. Her family was renting out a hotel room and they were known for throwing the most amazing parties; their room was our destination. There was a shuttle bus driving people from the party to Sally’s house. I recall Aingeal and me quietly sitting near each other taking random pictures of our friends and just talking about how the night was going. I was noticing a bond developing; it was scary but amazing how much we really had in common. Arriving at the party it was obvious that we both wanted absolutely nothing to do with anyone else but ourselves. We sat out on the porch just gazing at the stars. That nice night was the very first night that he kissed me. We acted as if nothing happened and simply considered it to be a one-time thing. There was an entire week gap between externship and graduation, I recall only one time that we talked about that kiss. â€Å"Are you upset with me?† I inquired very timidly, he knew precisely what I was speaking about. â€Å"Not at all.† He responded with such a look that I am sure that I will never forget; a look that said â€Å"are you kidding me?† his eyes said everything, this was just the beginning. Graduation was next up on the list. It was a very exciting day and Aingeal was by my side the whole time. Things were really going well. There was a graduation party the following day. We were sure to bring tents and have them set up in the back yard. I bought a small tent and Aingeal came over a couple of times to get some practice setting it up. I will never forget the time we fell asleep in it behind the house in my backyard; my grandmother thought that we were insane. We had just left work, the tent was laying in my backseat and finally it was time to go to the party. We pulled up to the house and the tantalizing smell of delicious food and the sound of music were coming from the backyard. Somehow, we both knew it was going to be a special night. We got the tent set up and just had a wonderful time. That special night our relationship took yet another turn for the better. Happily by the time morning rolled around we were slowly walking to my car holding hands. It was not until almost mid-month when we finally made the decision to officially go out, it was shortly after I returned back from my job interview. We spent the entire summer working fourteen-hour shifts at work, relaxing in the pools on our days off lying under the stars late at night, and watching movies whenever we wanted. Between you and me, Aingeal and I caused a riot to break out at a concert one time. We accidently knocked over the police, and lead thousands over barricades and through a stadium. We went to Dorney Park whenever we could, no matter how much I begged him he would stil l never go with me on a rollercoaster. Jen and Tracy were with us through it all. It was such a wild time, an amazing warm summer with two of the most important beloved people in the whole world. That gazebo at our secret spot was the very place that Aingeal got the courage to kneel down on one knee and propose to me, the orange and pink sunset and the sweet smell of the flowers on the breeze forever locked this memory in my head where it never will be forgotten. Sadly, we all knew that the summer was going to end soon, and with that, we are all going our own way. I was going off to Atlantic City, Aingeal was thinking of going to upstate New York, Tracy was going to Peru, and Jen was going on vacation to Italy. We all slowly lost touch over that summer. I make it a point to talk to them all now more than ever. Sadly the last day of summer fun came. I picked up my last check from work and in the parking lot, we all said we love each other and then we said our goodbyes. There were a lot of tears; I recall that as being the only time I ever saw Aingeal cry. I knew that there was no way I could comfort him which means, our entire relationship was about to completely change and we both knew it. I sat in the car and all I could do is cry. I cried for all the memories that made my life all the more livable, cried for the expected periods of separation that we would both experience, cried for so many things that day, but I mostly cried because I was leaving the only life that I had worked so hard for years to build. It just felt like it was all shattered to the ground in the course of one day. As I pulled out of that lot and looked in my rearview mirror one last time, I knew that he was indeed the man I loved. From that day forward, I would see him once every three months only if I was lucky to even get that. Eventually our dreams hit hard with the all too painful hand of which we call reality. We realized we were seeing less of each other and living completely separate lives. It was not going to work at that time, and it killed me to admit it. We wound up breaking up after a perfect one-year relationship, with that went all of our dreams and hopes of a life together, and our dreams of raising our own family. We were already picking out names for our child: Isabella Maria Nurena. On the day we separated, I am sure we both lost a tender part of ourselves, something that no amount of time could ever heal. Now all that remains are the memories and dreams, dreams of the future and memories I wished for from my ideal past.

How Austen creates her novel Pride and Prejudice Essay Example for Free

How Austen creates her novel Pride and Prejudice Essay Jane Austen was extremely modest about her genius, describing her work to her work to her nephew Edward as  That little but (two inches wide) of ivory in which I work with so fine a brush as produces little effect after much labour. Although the world of her novel Pride and Prejudice is confined to a small section of society comprising of country-gentry and lesser aristocracy of England in the opening of the 19th century, the novel itself shows page by page how interesting life could be, how fascinating lifes twists and turns are, how significant the trivialities are to those concerned. The range of Austens novel is limited by her own circumstances, her own sex, and her position in the society. But the little world she writes about, she knows inside out. She fills her little world so artfully that when we are in it we do not long for anything else and we feel its fullness as well. She practiced what she preached. There are four families in a country village is the very thing to work on. She sticks to what she knows and is refusing to include in her novel what does not properly belong to village life; she is an artist. Austen has an acute interest in personalities, her field is the human heart. Therefore, although she writes in the years of war between England and France while Napoleon was changing the map of Europe, in her novel we find not mention of Britain at war. In Pride and Prejudice soldiers like Wickham, come to Meryton to provide, in a sense, amusement for the girls. Austen thus does not impose anything harsh or unnecessary on her novel; this alludes to the artistic unity of her creation. She consciously limits herself and does not write anything beyond her experience. It may well be mentioned here that in A Room Ones Own Virginia Woolf pays a rich tribute to Austen by mentioning that novels like War and Peace could never be written by any female novelist, but certainly no Tolstoy could ever write the novels of Jane Austen. Austen deliberately and wisely limits herself to a few families and a limited number of characters in Pride and Prejudice. Her characters live in comfort in country houses; their lives consist of holding balls, attending parties, visiting each others house and thus amusing themselves. In that society even a small event is given a higher importance. Thereby a ball at the Bingleys or at the Lucases is eagerly anticipated and minutely analyzed. Austen chooses her characters from very ordinary life. Her characters range from the proud aristocrat Darcy to the dull-witted Mrs. Bennet, from the good-natured Jane to the hypocritical Miss Bingley. The men-folks in her novel do not in fact do nay work whereas the young girls are always in pursuit of good husbands. The girls have somehow managed to turn themselves into husband hunting butterflies. Distant Pembrly, Netherfield and Rosings are the upper limit, whereas Sir W Lucas and Lady Catherine Debourgh are highest in rank, the still higher estates and greater aristocracy are not mentioned in the novel, since they little effect Meryton and Derbyshire. The way Austen treats her characters is satiric. Her views of life are therefore always satiric; the passionate and tragic aspects of human life are somehow discarded. Only such characters are chosen that could be satirically treated. This satiric vision of life is a limitation on Austens part. Critics sometimes mention that Austen Banished nine-tenth of life, and gave us people who never work, or fight or die, or starve or go crazy. In the view of that above-mentioned statement we find that people in Pride and Prejudice engage themselves in doing nothing. Mr. Darcy apparently seems to have some work to do when he is at Pemberly, the work he does there is obviously connected with his estate. Mr. Gardiner revels in fishing only. Mr. Bennet, as we are told, takes one of his farms but only emerges from his library when he needs to settle some family affairs. Mr. Hursts motto of life is High living and little thinking. Reading has a place in family entertainment and since all the novels are heard at family gatherings, the writers take care to fill up pages fit for family consumption. In fact, Austens knowledge of mens ways limited, but she knew how to use  her limitation. In Pride and Prejudice men come and go, and sit and chat when in front of the ladies; Austen does not pursue them into their personal world. We may see Fitz William Darcy and Bingley set off in a carriage but what they discuss is never reported if no woman is present. Despite Austens failure to present the many facets of mens life, she is successful in providing an illuminating insight into some of the most significant characters like that of Darcy and Bingley. For instance, Darcys transmigration from a proud and snob person to a compassionate and reliable one is shown with perfect dexterity. In this novel Austen does want to compete with students of political economics, or social problems. The life and its complications that she depicts are just as what she experienced as a woman. Quite naturally her themes in this novel center the complex role of money and love in marriage. In doing so she even consciously avoids any discussion on philosophical or social issues. A simple plot concerning a few number of people is woven in this novel. That Austen has no wish to exceed the limitation of her own is quite evident when we find that urban life is excluded from the novel only because she had not much experience of it. It is mentioned casually during Janes visit to London. We have also observed that no black-hearted villain ever makes an appearance in Austens pages. The greatest villainy that ever occurs in Pride and Prejudice is the occasional elopement of Lydia with Wickham. Wickham indeed lacks all those negative traits of character which could have made him a person of shade like that of Alec in Hardys Tess of the Durbervilles. Therefore, Wickhams possibility to be the only villain in Pride and Prejudice ends there. Still it is no shallowness or lack of insight on Austens part, which leads her to restrict the exploration of human nature to the apparent social level. Austen gives us in her novel an artistic unity in which nothing is forced, nothing is excessive. A simple plot proceeds bit by bit to the only conclusion possible. Her characters act and speak in a very familiar way as we can imagine. The characters are so true to nature and so well-balanced against constructing types that as they talk along the story we begin to  think that it would not matter if there were no plot. The central figures whose union we desire grow upon us as their mistakes and recoveries reveal the fineness of their spirit. Therefore, in Austens world there is a welcome for the sensitive reader who will accept it as it is and will not cry out for, in the words of one critic The moon of passionate embraces or the lightning of sword.

Wal Mart Global Expansion Strategy Management Essay

Wal Mart Global Expansion Strategy Management Essay Wal-Mart is the largest retail chain in the world and also the worlds largest corporation. The company started its globalization in the year 1991 when it opened a Sams club near the Mexico City. In the year 1993 the company did set up the Wal-Mart International which was to oversee the growing opportunities of the company worldwide. Consequently, the company has enjoyed the overseas operation growth and also consumer acceptance. Wal-Mart has never changed its brand names, the every day low price and high ethical standards although its approach to competing in the overseas has evolved over time. Due to its entry into the foreign markets it changed its local regulatory frame work and customer tastes. Wal-Mart global expansion strategy The global expansion strategy of Wal-Mart is provision of goods at low prices that could raise the living standards of people around the world. This strategy involves globalization efforts of the company to enter into the overseas markets. According to Troy (1), the bottom line for the Wal-Marts company is bigger and cheaper. This is because the company intends to maintain its low price kind of leadership while at the same time pursuing the aggressive store expansion worldwide. This expansion is facilitated by opening of new stores and clubs world wide. How do they enter into the markets? Wal-Mart realized that if they took too long to enter into the foreign countries they would be allowing the competitors a lead that is too difficult to close. To avoid this end, they ventured into foreign countries to concentrate on their expansion efforts. This means that the main method used by the Wal-Mart Company in entering into new markets is by venturing into foreign countries. This is ensured by either selling the products in other retail stores which in turn distribute to the customers or by opening up its own store which will be used in the distribution of its products. For example as mentioned earlier, by the year 1993 Wal-Mart international operation had only one Sams club in Mexico but it ventured fast into the neighboring counties like Argentina, brazil, Indonesia china and Japan. This countries where perceived to be unique in the retail market in terms of the logistical systems, consumers and relationship between the suppliers and retailers. How do they expand while in the market? While in the market, Wal-Mart Company opened (build) more new stores in the countries it had ventured into thus replicating the domestic operation abroad. The company also expanded its markets by acquiring potential companies. It also picked up new ideas from other countries which helped greatly in the expansion of its markets. This included the gravity wall from Brazil, selling shoes from Canada, selling bike racks from Canada and many more (Deresky 455). Markets where Wal-Mart has been successful and the reasons for the success Wal-Mart Company has been most successful in countries (markets) like Canada, Mexico and the UK. In Canada the company purchased all the 122 Canadian woolco discount stores thus becoming the Canada highest volume discount retailer. The main proponent for the companys success is the low prices of the products and the ability to strip costs from the supply chain which impresses the analysts. The suppliers are strictly authorized to distribute goods at the Wal-Marts center within 15-30 minutes of the stipulated schedules failure to which they would be fined. Again it has a lot of bargaining power to extract price concession from the suppliers. In UK Wal-Mart acquired ASDA stores which were 232 in number thus becoming the biggest retailer in that country (Wal-Mart.com 1). ASDA warded of price competitions which overtook all the other companies in the UK. In Mexico, Wal-Mart Company acquired the controlling interest of the Mexican largest retailer (Cifra) which operated stores through the county. It modified the products so that they could meet the expectations of its Mexican users (Tilly 1). There is one common theme for the success of these three countries. For example they have acquired some of the strongest companies in this countries thus becoming the leading large scale retailers and they have also modified their products to meet the needs of their immediate clients. Markets where the Wal-Mart company has been unsuccessful and the reasons of the failure. Wal-Mart has failed in Germany and South Korea markets in particular. In Germany, the company found it difficult to adapt to the German ways and it therefore exited selling off its store (Knorr and Arndt 23). In South Korea, the Wal-Mart company also exited selling off its store because it also could not localize its operations (Awbi 1). There is a common theme as to why these two countries failed and it was because the two couldnt adapt to the needs of the various citizens (South Koreans and Germany). These failures are specific or relevant in each country and also similar. For example as mentioned above they have failed because they didnt localize their operations. To be specific the reason as to why it failed in Germany is because the Germany customers did not show much concern for the EDLP approach and many people also disliked its relatively low pay and ultra-frugal policy on managers business expenses. In South Korea it experienced operation difficulties due to its merchandise mix and the stores which were too far from the city centers. Another problem was high food prices and lack of food freshness (Deresky 458). How does culture hinder the expansion of Wal-Mart in other countries? Wal-Marts culture is a hindrance to the companys expansion. This is because some of their practices do not go well with some people in some countries (Kitlerphiroj 1). For example in Germany the Wal-Marts expatriate managers were faced with massive cultures clashes which were helped by the refusal to learn the German language. Its culture which involved merchandise departments, supercenters far from town centers and low pries did not go down with the South Koreans who disliked the companies merchandise, the locations and high prices of commodities which led to their closure. The companys culture of acquiring building and companies and low prices helped the company in nations like Mexico, Canada and the UK for they became the largest retailers in these countries. Has Wal-Mart had to change their level and method of political interaction with governments as they have expanded internationally? Wal-Mart had to change the level and method of interaction with some governments in the process of their international expansion. For example the Chinas finance, banking, taxation and insurance organizations were bureaucratic and burdensome because the regional division of finance guidelines and tax rules created problems. For example a corporation with joint ventures in numerous locations served by a single supplier had to make separate payment for each venture to the supplier. Wal-Mart Company worked together with the Chinese administration to put up a holding corporation that could consolidate joint venture distribution and finance. How effective has Wal-Mart been at maintaining their business model as they have expanded internationally? Wal-Mart has been effective in the maintenance of its business model during the international expansion because it has maintained its low price culture towards its customers. Again, it has managed to be the largest retailer in some countries like Canada, United Kingdom and Mexico. The four most important lessons There are some lessons which can be learned from this case. One of them is that companies should target to satisfy their customers so that they can get the opportunity to expand. For example most of the Wal-Marts customers are satisfied with the low prices of commodities. This has not only increased sales but also profits. Another lesson is that companies should consider the opinions, tastes and preferences of the people in a particular country before setting up a company in a foreign country to avoid massive losses. The other lesson is that a company should try to localize or understand the peoples preferences and tastes after a careful study have been carried out to avoid misconceptions that can bring losses. Another lesson is that the companies that have the interest of venturing into business in foreign countries should change and even negotiate with the various governments concerned such that they may have a favorable condition to thrive in businesswise.

Representationalism and Antirepresentationalism - Kant, Davidson and Rorty :: Philosophy Philosophical Papers

Representationalism and Antirepresentationalism - Kant, Davidson and Rorty (1) ABSTRACT: The notions of representationalism and antirepresentationalism are introduced and used in contemporary philosophical discussions by Richard Rorty to describe his and the neopragmatists' attitude toward traditional problems of epistemology. Rorty means that the history of philosophy shows that there are no final answers to the traditional questions about knowledge, truth, and representation; consequently, they should be rejected. Rorty thinks such questions should be eliminated from philosophy since there is no possibility to get outside of our mind and language. We cannot say anything about a mind-transcendent or language-transcendent, nonlocal or eternal reality. Hilary Putnam agrees with Rorty on this, but not with the conclusion that we should reject traditional philosophical questions. For Putnam, the epistemological questions are worthwhile asking and, although we cannot find the final correct answers, we should continue our investigations as if there were final answer s. Our struggles with those problems can lead to refinements of the formulations and to cognitive developments. Putnam proposes a quasi-realism which is often called "internal realism." Rorty rejects every refinement of realism as still realism and believes that the questions of knowledge, truth, and representation lead to regresses ad infinitum or to circular reasoning. Probably few philosophers influenced so decisively the development of epistemology as Kant. Without him it is not possible to describe the last two hundred years of the history of philosophy as well as contemporary philosophy in general. On the other "end of the line" one of the most influential contemporary American philosophers Richard Rorty proposes that we should abandon epistemology and Kantian picture of representation. In this paper I pose the question, whether Rorty is thorougly succesful in his abandomnent. I try to investigate the differences and similarities of Kantian and Rortyan thinking with the help of the epistemological notion of representationalism and of the antiepistemological notion of antirepresentationalism. If it is possible to find crucial overlapping areas of both thinking, then there arises a dilemma: either Kant himself is a "Rortyan", postepistemological thinker, and this would be a surprizing new idea about Kantian philosophy or Rorty succeeds not comple tely to overcome the structures of Kantian-epistemological thinking. The notions representationalism and antirepresentationalism are introduced and used in contemporary philosophical discussions by Richard Rorty, to describe his and the neopragmatists attitude towards traditional problems of epistemology and "to make safe the world" for a "postepistemological" thinking. Rorty means, the history of philosophy showed, that there are no final answers to the traditional questions about "knowledge," "truth" and "representation"; (2) consequently they should be rejected.

RFID Tags and Invasion of Personal Privacy Essay -- Exploratory Essays

RFID Tags and Invasion of Personal Privacy Historically, the advent of innovative, influential technology has reformed our lives in post-industrial America, creating new amenities on hand, along with altering conventional laws governing this facet of modern living.   The revolutionary and global capability of telecommunications has shaped new means for dealing with information, and changed the role of a private citizen among this new technology.   Traditionally in America, private citizens have been separate from government or public involvement in personal matters such as identity, and unique characteristics defining that identity.   Lately, radio frequency identification (RFIDs) is an upcoming method for tracking objects or even people, representing a very useful yet personally invasive technology.   Considering this recent invention, RFIDs have the potential to be a major progression in information processing, and benefit life in public as a citizen.   Conversely, RFIDs confront the basic American right to privac y, and ones personal uniqueness.   Regardless of RFID benefits, legislation and citizen awareness will need to advance along with this technology in turn to protect themselves from invasion of their personal right to privacy. RFID tags essentially provide a way for a third party, such as a government agency or corporations, to track an object over enormous distances in order to convey the location of, or information about that object.   As a part of the new electronic product code (EPC), invented by the Auto I.D. Center at MIT, RFID tags were implemented to identify individual objects in a market setting, providing more efficient distribution and manufacturing logistics (Albright A8).   Common applications of these tags... ...tions resulting from application of RFID tags involves the widespread monitoring of objects, and in some cases an individual's identity, with or without their knowledge.   Legislation and civil rights interest groups reinforce public knowledge of RFID technology, whether in the market or a medical setting.   The public needs to be conscious of technology, to be able to defend themselves against inherent threats to their personal rights. Works Cited * Albright, Brian. "The need to know. " Frontline Solutions  1 Sep. 2003: A8-A10. * Anonymous. "RFID raises questions in SF, other libraries.  "  Newsletter On Intellectual Freedom  1  May2004: 91-92.   * Dipert, Brian. "READING BETWEEN THE LINES: RFIDs confront the venerable bar code.  "  Edn  14  Oct.  2004:   48-50,52,54,56,58. * Holland, Tom. "Shopping-Cart Spy Chips.  "  Far Eastern Economic Review 9  Sep.  2004:  36-39.

Designers, unlike artists, can’t follow their creative impulses, they E

Designers, unlike artists, can’t follow their creative impulses, they work in a commercial environment, which means there are a huge number of considerations influencing the design process† The work of a fashion designer is influenced by the demands of the industry in which they work, which has both positive and negative influences on the creative process. This essay looks at some of the key parameters that the fashion designer must work within, and the effect that these factors have on the creative process and the finished product. One key factor that affects the work of a designer is an element over which the individual had a certain degree of control: The company that they choose to work for. There is a vast spectrum of elements that vary from company to company and have on a knock on effect on what is expected of the designer; from company practices, culture, values and policies to the public perception of the company to the size and resources available within a given business. Ipsuis are a small British company that design and manufacture casual wear, and provide an example of how company policy effects design. The company was set up with the aim of producing a completely fairly traded product. In addition to ensuring that all labourers are fairly paid, Ipsuis will only use fairly traded fabrics which means a far more limited choice for the designer and considerably longer lead times for a new fabric. Designers in the upper end of the market, rely on their design team to produce work that is in keeping with the image they have worked hard to create. From a designer’s perspective it is beneficial to be able to move between different companies- giving the opportunity to find a business that supports a designers vision. The next thing to consider after which company a designer works for is their competition, both internal and external. Fashion design is a highly competitive job market. Designers are often given temporary contracts and only have a short time to prove themselves before their employer looks elsewhere. This, coupled with a high rate of redundancy due to the volatile nature of the market means that designers are under constant pressure to be at the forefront of their industry. The advantage of working in this competitive environment is that it spurs the designer on to achieve their best and results in hi... ...osts, so that is Tesco that benefits from increased profits. In this scenario, the designer does not see any benefit from the change to the law. Ultimately, the situation highlighted above leads onto the single most important factor that drives the fashion industry and therefore what is expected of a designer: Profit. It considered acceptable by critics that the work of the artist often has a limited appeal. A designer work must have a certain amount of mass appeal in order for the garments to sell well and make a profit. All the other considerations looked at in this essay in some way tie in to the issue of profit and the best way in which to maximise this. This inevitably puts the designer under certain pressures, which to varying extents limits their creativity. However this is a small price to pay for working in a commercial environment that gives designers a platform to get their ideas off paper and into the shops, that allows the designer freedom to concentrate on their work whilst other business related considerations are taken care of by others and most importantly allows the designer to make a living out of the very thing they are most passionate about.

Assess the effectiveness of strategies used to manage the impacts of glacial processes

Guidance:Candidates:(i)should show knowledge and understanding of the problems arising from the impact of glacial processes and landforms on human activity or from the impact of human activities on glacial environments;(ii)should show knowledge and understanding of the strategies put in place to manage these impacts;(iii)should show an assessment of the effectiveness of the above strategies; better candidates should make an assessment of the effectiveness of the strategies discussed throughout, whereas the average candidate may only assess the strategies in passing or perhaps briefly in their conclusion.Candidates need to demonstrate their knowledge and understanding of the problems arising from the impacts of glacial processes and landforms on human activity or the impact of human activity on glacial environments. There may be a discussion not only of the nature, but also of the seriousness of the impacts.In order to assess the effectiveness of strategies adopted to deal with the im pacts, candidates will need to briefly describe the strategies. Strategies will vary depending on the glacial environment chosen. The assessment should involve an evaluation of both the positive and negative aspects of the strategies adopted in relation to the aims of the strategies implemented.Assess the effectiveness of strategies used to manage the impacts of glacial processes and landforms on Human activity.Problems arising from glacial processes and landformsStrategies used to deal with these (remember to assess +tive and -tive) Many strategies have been put in place to manage the impact of glacial processes. The types of glacial processes they would be managing range from erosional  processes Glacial processes- avalanche, ablation glacial (flooding) & fluvioglacial deposition (landslides) Landforms- pyramidal peaks, arà ªtes, troughs, hanging valleys, lakes, outwash plainIn glacial environments such as the French Alps human activity is very popular with up to 100 million to urists going for holidays each year to enjoy the winter sports available. However strategies must be put in place to control the glacial processes in order to make the area safe to minimize the negative impact on humans. The methods used include prevention and control measures by both soft and hard strategies, but are they successful?An avalanche is a type of glacial process and to deal with it strong, resistant buildings are constructed, as are avalanche barriers on the slopes and trees are planted near to pistes and woods made denser so as to break the flow as well as to hold the snow together reducing the risk of an avalanche starting. The choice of strategy is very much dependent to the nature of human activity, the density of the settlement and the impact the strategy could have on the surrounding nature.Another factor that must be considered is the frequency and intensity of the avalanche as well as the potential impacts like fatality ad damage to buildings and infrastructure. In Verbier Austria they have introduced a way to categorize areas which are at risk of avalanches by creating red and yellow zones. In the red construction of any kind is banned while in the yellow specific safety measures must be applied and a strict building code followed. This should result in buildings that will withstand avalanches, protecting the people inside, even though they will not do anything to stop an avalanche actually occurring.The town of Gà ¤ltur in Austria is predominantly a yellow zone however when the huge avalanche of 1999 struck it was during the day when people were returning the their homes so weren’t able to be protected by this strategy thus the death toll was 4000. Though a great deal of money is being invested in the various strategies, more pressure is being put on the planners, as the alpine towns are swelling thus putting themselves at further risk of avalanches as more and more trees are being cut down and the safe areas to build are almost full forcing more buildings in to the danger zones.Glaciers aren’t the only threat developing towns in the upland have to face. As the globe is going through climate change the rates of ablation in glacial areas is much higher. This is made worse by the increased popularity of the areas for tourists who access them through cars and planes, which contribute to the pollution. Furthermore activities like skiing and snowboarding damage the soil under the snow making it weaker, and young trees are damaged while older trees are removed for ski lifts or roads. These factors all accumulate in the potential danger of landslides, which can also be caused by the fluvioglacial deposition during the summer periods adding to the instability of the land.To deal with landslides, planners ensure that fragile areas are not being used to allow for the regrowth of vegetation. In resorts in the French alps the only means to get there is via train so no extra cars are present. Also codes of conduc ts are enforced to avoid young saplings from being damaged so that the soil in the future will be held together and strengthened by the presence of the roots. However, many of these strategies are there only to lessen the impact of an already present issue. They can not stop landslides from happening as they have little influence over the rate of ablation of the glacier.Rapid retreat of glaciers increases run-off, contributing to the growth of glacial lakes and the conversion of some supraglacial lakes to moraine-dammed lakes. These lakes tend to breach the weak and unstable loose moraine dam, with catastrophic impacts downstream. Strategies for predicting future glacier lake formation are important for an early planning of safety measures, The Ngozumpa Glacier project aims to study the response of glaciers to climate change and to gain data to predict hazards like lake outbursts and slope failures. Glaciers in the Himalayas are some of the most prominent glaciers to undergo shrinka ge due to global warming.In the past years there have been many glacier lake outburst floods with many more unstable lakes currently being monitored such as the Tsho Rolpa in Nepal. These unstable glaciers have engineering projects conducted on them to lower the levels and mitigate the hazards. But, these works are not only expensive but are logistically difficult due to the fragile high altitude environment. However they can be used to develop the potential of hydropower production.Another area with which Hydropower potential has been explored is using hanging valleys. These occur where the main valley has been eroded at a much higher rate than the tributary valleys. After glaciation the latter are left at a higher altitude ‘hanging’ above the main valley. Streams that flow from such tributary valleys fall steeply creating waterfalls. The kinetic energy of the water is turned into electricity. The owners of the power stations must ensure that enough water is in the str eam/river at all times to protect that habitat which can mean that no electricity is produced in the summer. I believe that many of the strategies in place to manage the impacts of glacial process and landforms on human activities are successful as we have better knowledge and technology to deal with them. Yet I do not think that they are utterly effective as they are all very expensive and the majority are to limit the impact rather then to stop it from happening in the first place.

Development of the Adolescent

Crystal Herring September 3, 2003 Mr. Boyleston English 101 Face it! Reality TV is here to stay. No matter what you do or which channel you try to derail you are eventually going run into to one of those shows that reals you in. It's something that keeps the TV audiences on the edge of their seats with their cliff hanger endings, displays of raw, unbridled emotions, and insane ways people behave for love, money and fifteen minutes of fame. Through the eyes of a classic example of a teenager growing up on MTV's Real World, I see reality TV as an escape from the boring rigors of my own life to then in turn concentrate on omething more exciting and humorous. It's clearly apart of our society, and many others also, that we as Americans thrive on these sort of sitcoms. When we think our lives are at their worst just watch a complete stranger having troubles and it is strangely comforting. Is quality entertainment infact watching people make complete fools of themselves for the soul cost o f being on TV? Well, that is a question which is personally acquired. For me, eating bugs doesn't validate my insecurities and make me feel that I am the bigger, stronger person. Personal acheivements and triumphs definately fill that void for me.So I agree that the producers of these shows can sometimes take them to extreme measures for ratings, but isn't that the purpose? It's a dog eat dog world, survival of the fittest. My response to this is I can simply choose to entertain myself with certain reality shows such as The Real World and hate Fear Factor. That is the beauty of it all. Don't let one bad apple spoil the whole tree. Give a particular show a chance. You could find things in yourself you would personally like to change by seeing flaws in other people and watching this blunt form of reality can really make you realize what kind of eople you like. Reality shows are harmless, entertaining and clearly not going any where any time soon. When you have millions of public viewe rs watching a particular season finale that's entertainment. So until our society doesn't thrive on living vicariously through other's lives, there's no way that anyone can protest enough against reality TV to get rid of this type of mass entertainment. Anti-reality show viewers would have to convince the entire United States of America and many other countries that reality TV is degrading and frivolous. And that, you see, is another show all together.

The New Subjects in Romantisism

During the Romantic Period there seemed to be revolution in the air. The American Revolution and the French Revolution of 1789 had a great impact on literature of the late 18th and early 19th centuries. This impact can be seen throughout Romantic literature but especially in the area of new subjects. Before the 19th century authors tended to write about the aristocratic class. There was nothing written for or about the common people. There are three areas in which the discussion will focus upon in the area of new subjects. The first area will focus on the children, the second will be women, and the third will be the new attitude towards God. The Romantic period strongly emphasized the lives of children. Authors writing at that time did not just look at children playing outside but within real life situations. Writing started to be explored in the language of the common man. The topics presented by most of these writers appealed to the general public. Today, the area of children within literary works does not seem revolutionary. At this time, however, there were no writings that reflected the everyday lives of children. The first important poem in the Romantic period with regards to children is by William Blake, â€Å"The Chimney Sweep.† This poem focuses upon the tremendous abuse of children during this time. This poem portrays visions of death throughout â€Å"were all of them lock'd up in coffins of black†(Norton 31). This quote catches the reader's attention with a vision of death. These children talked of death very candidly because they died young. The sweeper almost inevitably would have died before he even knew how to live life. They worked in horrible labor conditions with no sign of relief because there were no labor laws. These children mainly died from consumption of the fumes within the shaft or by an accident. â€Å"We are Seven† by William Wordsworth refers frequently to children. This poem is told from the perspective of a seven-year-old girl. A young girl as the center of the poem would have been unheard of in earlier periods. The little girl has a brother and a sister who have died. The girl shows the reader the presence of another reality. The audience could not have understood this new reality we before the entrance of a child's perspective. The child has seven people in the family but two are dead. The little girl's reality is different than the readers. She believes her family members are with her even though they are really dead. These two poems impacted the populace to be aware of the exploitation of children and their understandings of the world. Frankenstein also addresses the concept of children in literature. Mary Shelly does it on several occasions. The first reference to children in the book is when Victor's brother is killed. Only in the Romantic Period do readers see the concept of death of children. Also on another occasion within the novel the talk centers on children migrating because of war. In earlier novels the role of children was not predominant. Another area in which the Romantic writings were opened were the writings on and by women. The most influential work would be Mary Wolstonecraft's work The Vindication of The Rights of Woman. There are many points that are brought to light within this work. Wolstonecraft calls for the education of all people, including women. She does not want to educate women for the amusement of men, but for intellectual stimuli. She tires to argue for women's education in a subtle way. She argues for the education of women to be for the betterment of the populace. Wolstonecraft tries to make the point that the education of women would be in a good light. She argues that the education of women would create stability within the home. Husbands and wives will be able to hold a substantive conversation; they will â€Å"become the friend, and not the humble dependant of her husband†(Norton 113). Wollstonecraft was able to write in this way because she herself was educated. Her relationship with her husband was one of a mutual affection not a necessity, and he was not threatened by this. Women threatened other contemporary males during this time. As seen here from a journal called Gentleman's Magazine in April 1799: In the general confusion of ideas, religious, moral, and political, we are not surprised to find claims set up for the female sex, unsupported we must say by prescription, but we are justified in saying by reason. Mrs. R. avows herself of the school of Wollstonecroft; and that is enough for all who have any regard to decency, order, or prudence, to avoid her company. She has traveled for her improvement; and what are the blessed fruits of her travels? Let the motley list of heroines subjoined to this letter, and the anecdotes of female characters, of all descriptions, interspersed in it, speak for themselves. (Randall 1) This is an illustration of how men felt at this time. This also shows that not everyone was inclined to recognize the new subjects. (The Mrs. R refers to Mary Robinson a contemporary of Wolstonecraft) One of the most intriguing works we read was â€Å"The Lady of Shalott.† This poem was in long form but it captured life in a different light. The poem depicts women looking at life only through a mirror. She watches her whole existence through the mirror, until she finally needs to see with her own eyes what has happened. The meaning of this poem can be interpreted in many ways. One way is that woman are watching the world pass them by without trying to taking part in everyday actions. Another area in which women were making their mark was writing the literature. Mary Wollstonecraft started the chain of events. She was one of the first women noticed for her writings. Her daughter Mary Wollstonecraft Shelley made great strides as a writer also at this time. These authors also made women more human. Women, not only did they cook and clean but also they even did other things. The third area to look at when addressing new subjects is God. There were many writings on the role of God before this period. The Bible being the best example tells of God the friend and God the punisher. William Blake illustrates poetry best in relation to God. The two poems that gave us the best look at, the two different versions of, God are â€Å"The Lamb† and â€Å"The Tyger.† In these two poems Blake takes two very different views. The lamb is the traditional symbol for the flock of God. He challenges the idea of Christ the lamb with the repetitive nature. He repeatedly asks the question â€Å"who made thee?† referring to who created a creature like the lamb (Norton 29). In the â€Å"Tyger† the same question of â€Å"who made thee?† comes up (Norton 37). This vicious animal and hunter is he too one of Gods creatures. This asks the question â€Å"What king of immortal hand or eye/ could frame thy fearful symmetry?† The questioning of what kind of god made you, the lamb and tyger. Then the next question asked is â€Å"Did he who made the lamb make thee?† seemingly the answer being yes it is the same god. Blake seems to question God several times within his poetry. The next one that sticks out particularly is â€Å"The Divine Image† where he continues to question what God really is. â€Å"To mercy, Pity, Peace and Love† sets the tone for the rest of the poem. He tells of how we are all God's children so we better be good to one another. He stresses the idea of equality here. There are also two stories that come to mind when discussing God as a new subject. The first is the â€Å"Rime of the Ancient Mariner† by Samuel Colleridge. In this short story we see a man on a journey. His journey starts not at the beginning of the trip to the South Pole, but it begins when he kills a bird. He shoots it with a crossbow. The symbolism behind the crossbow may mean he killed Jesus. Then when He goes through all the pains and anguish, he is forgiven for killing one of God's creatures. The next story that comes to expresses God in the area of new subjects is Frankenstein by Mary Shelly. This novel shows God in a very different light. Victor is shown as a God because he has created a creature outside of his own blood. Victor is faced with a choice whether or not to destroy or create a new creature. The Frankenstein book looked at the idea of God in a new fashion. Shelly tries to show us that our obsessions draw great light upon us. Mary Shelley shows how our obsessions draw light upon us in two ways. If we are obsessed with doing something when it happens we are let down. The second way that obsession affects us is that if we do not do something it may kill us. There were many new subjects that were addressed by Romantic poets and authors alike in regards to new subjects. The subject area of children is still being explored today. Once the subject area of children was opened the writing world has not been the same. In the area of women Vindication came when that work was published. It did not free women but gave them rights that they had not ever had before. In the area of God there was a great deal of questioning taking place. The entrance of Darwin and its legitimization raised questions pertaining to god. These new subjects were vital to the Romantic period and every piece of writing afterward.

Defects of Education in India

EDUCATION in its broadest, general sense is the means through which the aims and habits of a group of people lives on from one generation to the next. Education as a science cannot be separated from the educational traditions that existed before. Adults trained the young of their society in the knowledge and skills they would need to master and eventually pass on. In pre-literate societies this was achieved orally and through imitation and story-telling etc . Oral language developed into written symbols and letters. Schooling in this sense was already in place in Egypt between 3000 and 500BC The gurukula system was the ancient system of education. A gurukula is a type of school in India, residential in nature, with shishyas living in proximity to the guru, often within the same house. In a gurukul, shishyas reside together as equals, irrespective of their social standing, learn from the guru and help the guru in his day-to-day life. They did not accept fees ONLY ASMALL GURUDAKSHINA WHICH MAY NOT BE MONETARY. INDIA S ANCIENT GURUKUL SYSTEM IS WORTH EMULATING BY ALL INTERESTED IN IMPARTING EDUCATION. THE GURUKUL SYSTEMBRINGS A SENSE OF RESPECT AND COMMITMENT FROM THE TEACHERS AND THE STUDENTS Nalanda and Takshishila universities were the oldest university-system of education in the world. Indian education suffered a huge blow as Western education became ingrained into Indian society with the establishment of the British empire. the British so cleverly played their cards that even after fifty years of independence we still continue to exist in a state of stupor, unable unwilling to extricate ourselves from one of the greatest hypnoses woven over a whole nation. Indian curriculum is criticized for being based on rote learning. Our present day education system gives no chance to creativity. It is marks , grades and competition all the way . It should inculcate good values in the minds of students. Emphasis should also be given on physical and vocational training. Teaching of ethics should be incorporated in the curriculum right from kindergarden through high school. Children should be allowed to choose their own subjects acc. to their interests. They must be made to interact with each other in groups and express their views on various topics. Instead of taking notes from voluminous books , teachers etc they must be made to get information by themselves and share it with the class. This will help them to develop good analytical skills and reading habits . Children must have practical experience . They can be taken on trips to museums, labs, etc where they can learn by interacting with experienced people. Education is to gain and share knowledge. Sharing without communication is impossible. English should not be banned at the primary level as it remains the global language. Learning hindi, the national language and the state language helps in internal communication. The system of Education in India should focus on learning and not exams. Unfortunately Education has become a lucrative business destroying the real purpose of itself. The bad quality of education in govt schools have given a thrust to the the rise of commercial coaching classes all over India. Students today hardly think of being a teacher due to less perk†¦ many who are hardly passionate about engineering and medicine are studying just for the sake of getting a fat salary and package along with it. Middle class parents pay what is demanded by the coaching classes, this has alarmingly turned out to b an industry in our nation. Statistically 25% of the Indian population is illiterate, only 7% of the population that goes to school manage to graduate and 15% manage to make it to high school. 80% of schools are managed by the Govt. , private schools are expensive and out of reach for the poor Another reason for poor quality of education is the poor quality of teachers in government schools . Government schools are unable to attract good quality teachers due to inadequate teaching facilities and low salaries. To improve the quality of education , the government needs to spend more money from its coffers on education. The really critical aspect of Indian public education system is its low quality. The actual quantity of schooling that children experience and the quality of teaching they receive are extremely insufficient in government schools. A common feature in all government schools is the poor quality of education, with weak infrastructure and inadequate pedagogic attention. Conclusion School teachers SHOULD BE PAID high SALARIES and, every care is to be taken that these teachers keep on upgrading. The government should realize that these are the people who shape their future generations. All over India the syllabus must be same, because partiality occurs between students. . Frankly it would be foolhardy to believe that a syllabus consisting a bit of maths bit of science, arts and literature is a foolproof way to educate whole of India. Our present day system of education can be revamped and changes incorporated by getting a group of experienced teachers from various parts of our country. The task is best done by them and not by a bunch of politicians who do not have any training in education. Hope to see the Indian system of education reach its zenith like it did in ancient times!

An analysis of the Depreciation Methods in GAAP in the UK

An analysis of the Depreciation Methods in GAAP in the UK Depreciation is the allocation of the cost of a plant asset to expense over its useful (service) life in a rational and systematic manner† (Weygandt, Kieso and Kimmel, 2003:416). There are three factors affect the calculation of depreciation, which are asset cost, useful life and salvage value (Weygandt, Kieso and Kimmel, 2003). Accountant in different companies will use various methods to compute the depreciation. There are straight-line method, reducing balance method (double declining balance, sum of digits, reducing percentage), annuity method, and unit of production method (Mike, Ron and Allister, 1994). And in most companies, especially in the large corporations, they will use the straight-line method, because it is the easiest one to compute the depreciation. This essay will illustrate some method that usually used in the companies and contract with each method to find out which one is the most useful. At the beginning, the essay will illustrate the straight-line method , the second one is reducing balance method, the third method is sum of digits, and the last one is the unit of production method. Below each method, the essay will give an example, which is calculated by me. Under the straight-line method, the annual depreciation expense is the same over the asset’s estimated useful life every year. The annual depreciation expense is determined by depreciation cost divided by the useful life of the asset or multiplied by the annual rate of depreciation (Weygandt, Kieso and Kimmel, 2003). Example 1 An asset costs  ¿Ã‚ ¡11,000, its expected salvage value is  ¿Ã‚ ¡1,000, its estimated useful life is 5 years. Depreciable cost = ¿Ã‚ ¡11,000- ¿Ã‚ ¡1,000 = ¿Ã‚ ¡10,000 Annual depreciation expense = ¿Ã‚ ¡10,000/5years= ¿Ã‚ ¡2,000 OR Annual rate of depreciation =100%à ·5years=20% Annual depreciation expense = ¿Ã‚ ¡10,000*20%= ¿Ã‚ ¡2,000 Year 1 Cost  ¿Ã‚ ¡11,000 Depreciation 2,000 Year 2 Net book value 9,000 Depreciation 2,000 Year 3 Net book value 7,000 Depreciation 2,000 Year 4 Net book value 5,000 Depreciation 2,000 Year 5 Net book value 3,000 Depreciation 2,000 Net book value 1,000 The straight-line method is the simplest way among all the methods; it suitable for the use of asset is unvarying during the useful life; it is popular used by large corporation, such as Campbell Soup, Marriott Corporation and General Mills. However, the reducing balance method has a falling depreciation amount every year during the useful life of the asset. The changing depreciation is depended on the book value (cost less accumulated depreciation). It is calculated to multiply the book value at the beginning of the year and the reducing balance depreciation rate (Weygandt, Kieso and Kimmel, 2003). Example 2 An asset costs (book value at the beginning of year)  ¿Ã‚ ¡11,000, its expected salvage value is  ¿Ã‚ ¡1,000, its estimated useful life is 5 years. Reducing balance depreciation rate = 100%à ·5years=20%* Calculation o f  ¿Ã‚ ¡901.12( ¿Ã‚ ¡4505.6ÃÆ'-20%) is adjusted to  ¿Ã‚ ¡3505.6 in order to make the book value equal salvage value (Weygandt, Kieso and Kimmel, 2003). Sum of digits is another kind of reducing balance method, which has the closest connection with useful life and salvage value of the asset. The depreciation cost is multiply depreciation cost (asset cost less salvage value) by digits of each year (Mike, Ron and Allister, 1994). Example 3 An asset costs  ¿Ã‚ ¡11,000, its expected salvage value is  ¿Ã‚ ¡1,000, its estimated useful life is 5 years The digits add up is 1+2+3+4+5=15

Condense position papers Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Condense position papers - Essay Example And even if he chooses the former, who are we to blame or persecute him Whatever he does to himself is for his own good. In the same way that an ordinary heterosexual person aims for the betterment of himself and of the others as well, so do the homosexual. I believe that is not for us to judge a person, a homosexual at that, based on sexual preferences. I firmly believe that if ever the homosexuals are given the chance to choose whom to love or admire, they would choose the normal choice - a male for a female and vice versa. They would never want to be put in such humiliating situations that could earn the ire of their parents, family, friends, and even the government. Indeed, not a single crime may be imputed directly to the homosexual preference of an offender. "Coming out can sometimes lead to a life crisis, which can elevate to suicidal thoughts or even committing suicide."1 So, let us leave them alone, or we might end up becoming worse than the persons whom we thought are secon d-class individuals. As previously stated in the essay, "acceptance is the key and fear is the originator of all things 'immoral.'" In relation to the matter of choices, I also agree with the idea of abortion.

Summarize Taylor article Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Summarize Taylor - Article Example of preserving some form of status quo that management is comfortable that it divests an efficient worker of his potential to produce more than what is expected of him. These attitudes become a problem since it cultivates a culture where the labor force stagnate instead of grow. Scientific management is a solution offered by Taylor where it seeks to cultivate a new form of mentality where there is a new manner of setting an equilibrium that integrates the worth of the working man with the aid of efficiency that technology can provide. He offers four principles which starts with the assimilation of new set of ideals that have worked in the past to formulate a better set of understanding that will yield improved results. The next puts focus on establishing skilled managers who will guide in the new way of administrating the principle of scientific management. Perhaps the most important of these principles is the third which is the bringing together of science and man to a common goal. The final principle is what differentiates it from all other which is the division of work which gives direct correlation to the significance of technology in improving output while keeping the working man assured of his worth in the production process

The Correlation Between Crime And Poverty Research Paper

The Correlation Between Crime And Poverty - Research Paper Example Poverty and crime have been given widespread attention in literature and almost all philosophers have dwelt on this twin subjects. Poverty and crime have become major social issues pervading all countries and entire continents. The one issue which will be omnipresent among the countries is about the correlation between crime and poverty. The debate about whether the poverty is the primary cause for the eruption of crime or crime breeds the poverty is going on. The poverty, inequality, unequal distribution of wealth, unemployment, lack of opportunities and exclusion from the mainstream of the society increases the incidence of crime, and at the same time crime restricts and inhibits the growth and economic development of the geographical area where the crime is prevalent. The perpetrator of the crime face exclusion from society and are denied the economical benefits with its association which in turn leads to poverty. Studies say that people from poor areas often resort to crime. Statistics taken about inmates of prisons reveal that 53 percent of inmates were earning less than $10000 per year before they were sent to jail. People say crime does not pay, but crime pays for the poor. For a given level of crime if the punishment or sentence is less deterrent then, the committing of crime becomes profitable. For people from poor areas where there is a lack of opportunities for gainful employment committing gives them more economic benefits than any measly paid jobs available to them. Crimes against people for gain as well as against property are associated with poverty. Many studies and researches on this subject reveal that social, economic inequality and poverty increases the rate of crime and they are best understood in economic more than cultural terms. Almost all studies have observed that crime rates were comparatively higher in poor slum than any other urban environment. Analysis should be done on what social conditions make the many people to commit crime rather than on what type of individual tend to do it. Background Crime is defined s an act committed or omitted in violation of law. Crime is invariably identified with violence, harm to individuals, theft or destruction of property etc. Definitions of crime vary from country to country and it differs across the cross section of culture. Poverty is defined as lack of resources and inability to have basic goods and services necessary for survival. The definitions of poverty vary with society, race and geographical area. The approach to define poverty is about the consumption need of individual like food, cloth and shelter etc. Criminologist point out that there is a link between unemployment, income level, education and living condition. The economic level and concentration of wealth in certain geographical areas contribute the condition towards unrest and crime. In equalities in social science creates aggressive attitud e towards the people who are better off which results in violent crimes of social tension. In equalities in social sense means divide and segregation on racial, color and ethnic

Review Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 8

Review - Essay Example ics to determine the positive and negative correlations between and among the prevalence and incidence of pulmonary diseases among employees and the heterogeneous contributory factors such as the duration exposure to unleaded gasoline, employee position and work practices at Nalco in Manila. This researcher suggests unleaded gasoline use for the benefit of all employees in particular and people in general in the Philippines. This research focuses on many related aspects such as short-term and long-term social costs and benefits. While social costs of not using unleaded gasoline and its impact on health of the people in the Philippines would be investigated with reference to Nalco, benefits would be investigated with general reference to a larger population sample in the Philippines. The study in full would investigate health, social, economic and the environmental impact. Environmental organizations and critics in the Philippines have time and again pointed out that the Filipinos’ state of health, especially in Manila, has been deteriorating over the years primarily due to air pollution caused by the ever increasing use of leaded gasoline (Brandon et al 2007; Sastry 2002). These critics have particularly sought to focus attention on the causal factor of using leaded gasoline as a direct impacting agent on the general health factor of the nation (Louella et al. 2006). This state of affairs particularly warrants a comprehensive HIA in Manila. A series of health impact assessments will be made in this HIA to analyze the existing literature on the extent and the incidence of negative health effects on the Filipinos. One of the health impacts would be focused on the verifiable statistical measures such as the mean, the mode and the median population samples that have been affected within a particular locality (AHA 2010). Manilans become the central point of focus while most of the theoretical and conceptual references would be focused on the Nalco employees. Next,

Literature review for my dissertation which is in ( analysis and

Literature review for my which is in ( analysis and valuation of three companies in petrochemical industry) - Dissertation Example The hazardous materials transportation act and the pollution prevention act are significant among these. According to the first act, the Department of Transportation gets the authority to control the transportation of such materials including the petrochemicals. Furthermore, the USA government has become increasingly active and concerned about the safety and environmental areas for this petrochemical transportation. Adding to it, the state governments are also taking interests in the issues affecting the petrochemical industry such as the specific charges and taxes, reduction of toxic use and hazardous waste as well as state right-to-know statutes (U.S Department of Commerce, 1994, p.11-5). Economic Factors The recent recession has emerged as devastating for the leading economies across the globe including USA. The rise in the oil has also contributed to the rise of the Petrochemical product prices. As a consequence, the petrochemical organisations have been experiencing low producti on and profitability margins (Ismaiyatim, 2010). Furthermore, with the rise in the price of the petrochemical products, the demand for the same has experienced a decline leading to further shrinkage of the profit margins. Social Factors With the enhancement in the life styles of the habitants in USA, the usage of the automobiles has also been increased leading to the increase in the demand side. Technological Factors With the technological advancements, there have been changes in the mining of the petrochemical products. So, all these technological developments have been influential to decide on the mining and refining of the petrochemical products. Environmental Factors Environment is a significant influential factor to control the petrochemical industry. Federal government has come up with an act, The Pollution Prevention Act, to control the adverse effect of the petrochemical organisations. This act is a policy to eliminate or reduce the waste generation at a source, if that is f easible at that time. It directs its government to commence an appropriate program to collect the information, transfer the technology well as offering financial assistance to the states to execute this policy. In this way the federal government motivates the states to promote the waste reduction techniques at the source. Furthermore, even the state governments have become increasingly active to address the environmental and safety issues related to the petrochemical industry. European Petrochemical Industry European Petrochemical industry is one of the leading petrochemical sectors across the globe. A number of oil companies in there has dealt into the processing of raw materials using own oil refineries into some fundamental petrochemical products and even to the downstream products. The petrochemical industry in Europe is experiencing forward integration in this industry. A number of oil companies carry out petrochemical activities in several locations in Europe. Among the signif icant petrochemical companies, companies like DOW, ICI, DSM and BASF in Western Europe deal with the ethylene production in Europe. â€Å"After a series of reorganisations in the 1980s and 1990s, the changes in the European chemical industry have indeed continued: DSM’s petrochemical operations were acquired by Sabic†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (Camp, 2005, p.15). A PESTLE analysis has been carried out to understand different factors